ljc7441319 2008-6-17 14:22
素纱禅衣
唐代大诗人白居易在《缭绫》中写道：“应似天台山上明月前，四十五尺瀑布泉，中有文章又奇绝，地铺白烟花簇霜。”咏诵这诗句，以为诗中那飘渺如雾般轻盈，晶莹如水般剔透缭绫的描写不过是诗人的艺术夸张。直至闻名于世的马王堆汉墓的发掘，墓中大量丝织品，特别是两件素纱禅衣的出土，证实了诗人的描写并非凭想象夸张而作，而是据实形象化的描写。[IMG] [img]http://image5.poco.cn/mypoco/myphoto/20080616/12/40570818200806161209155576846954469_001.jpg[/img] [/IMG]
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马王堆一号汉墓出土的两件素纱禅（单）衣，一件重48克，另一件重49克，不足一两。如重48克的禅衣，长1.6米，两袖通长1.95米，腰宽0.48米，如果除去领口和袖口较厚重的缘边，重量仅半两多。可谓“薄如蝉翼，轻若烟雾”，出于二千多年前的汉墓，不能不令人惊叹！[IMG] [img]http://image5.poco.cn/mypoco/myphoto/20080616/12/40570818200806161209155576846954469_004.jpg[/img] [/IMG]
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这件素纱禅现藏于湖南省博物馆中，禅衣用纱料制成，因无颜色，没有衬里，出土谴册称其为素纱禅衣。纱，是我国古代丝绸中出现得最早的一种，它是由单经单纬丝交织而成的一种方孔平纹织物，其经密度一般每厘米为58根至64根，纬密度每厘米为40根至50根纱。密度稀疏，孔眼充满织物的表面，因而质地轻薄，古人形容“轻纱薄如空”、“举之若无”，一点都不夸张。上乘的纱料，以蚕丝纤度匀细见长。素纱禅衣每平方米纱料仅重15.4克，并非因其织物的孔眼大，空隙多，而是纱料的旦数小，丝纤度细。丝织学上对织物的蚕丝纤度有一个专用计量单位，叫旦（全称：旦尼儿），每九千米长的单丝重一克，就是一旦。旦数越小，则丝纤度越细。经测定，素纱禅衣的蚕丝纤度只有10.2至11.3旦，而现在生产的高级丝织物还有14旦，足见汉代缫纺蚕丝技术的高度发展[IMG] [img]http://image5.poco.cn/mypoco/myphoto/20080616/12/40570818200806161209155576846954469_010.jpg[/img] [/IMG]
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每当漫步街头，看见现代都市女身穿各式轻薄透明的时装，隐约欲露圆润的臂膀，尽显妖娆妩媚时，不禁在想：这不是承袭了祖先为我们创造的美丽么！
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